| background color | #FFC94B
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| Name | Hollywood |
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| Native name | |
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| Nickname | Tinseltown,The Entertainment Capital of the World |
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| Settlement type | District of Los Angeles |
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| Total type | |
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| Motto | |
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| Pushpin map | United States Los Angeles Central |
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| Pushpin label position | right |
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| Pushpin map caption | Location within Central Los Angeles |
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| Pushpin mapsize | 250 |
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| Pushpin map1 | United States Los Angeles Western |
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| Pushpin label position1 | left |
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| Pushpin map caption1 | Location within Western Los Angeles |
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| Pushpin mapsize1 | 250
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| Coordinates region | US-CA |
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| Subdivision type | Country |
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| Subdivision name | United States |
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| Subdivision type1 | State |
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| Subdivision name1 | :California |
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| Subdivision type2 | County |
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| Subdivision name2 | County of Los Angeles |
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| Subdivision type3 | City |
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| Subdivision name3 | City of Los Angeles |
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| Subdivision name4 | |
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| Parts style | |
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| Parts | |
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| P2 |
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| Leader title | City Council |
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| Leader name | Eric Garcetti, Tom LaBonge |
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| Leader title1 | State Assembly |
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| Leader name1 | Mike Feuer (D), Vacant |
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| Leader title2 | State Senate |
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| Leader name2 | Curren Price (D), Gilbert Cedillo (D) |
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| Leader title3 | U.S. House |
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| Leader name3 | Xavier Becerra (D), Diane Watson (D), Henry Waxman (D) |
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| Established date | |
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| Area footnotes | |
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| Area total sq mi | 24.96 |
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| Area water percent | |
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| Elevation footnotes | |
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| Elevation min ft | |
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| Population as of | 2000 |
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| Population total | 123435 |
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| Population density sq mi | 4945
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| Postal code type | ZIP Code |
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| Postal code | 90027, 90028, 90029, 90038, 90046, 90068 |
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| Area code | 323 |
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| Footnotes | }} |
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Hollywood is a famous district in Los Angeles, California, United States situated west-northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word ''Hollywood'' is often used as a metonym of American cinema. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, and the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
On February 16, 2005, California Assembly Members Jackie Goldberg and Paul Koretz introduced a bill to require California to keep specific records on Hollywood as if it were independent, although it is not the typical practice of the City of Los Angeles to establish specific boundaries for districts or neighborhoods. For this to be done, the boundaries were defined. The bill was unanimously supported by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and the Los Angeles City Council. Assembly Bill 588 was approved by the Governor of California on August 28, 2006, and now the district of Hollywood has official borders. The border can be loosely described as the area east of West Hollywood, south of Mulholland Drive, Laurel Canyon, Cahuenga Boulevard, and Barham Boulevard, and the cities of Burbank and Glendale, north of Melrose Avenue and west of the Golden State Freeway and Hyperion Avenue. This includes all of Griffith Park and Los Feliz – two areas that were hitherto considered separate from Hollywood by most Angelenos. The population of the district, including Los Feliz, as of the 2000 census was 123,436 and the median household income was $33,409 in 1999.
As a district within the Los Angeles city limits, Hollywood does not have its own municipal government. There was an official, appointed by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, who served as an honorary "Mayor of Hollywood" for ceremonial purposes only. Johnny Grant held this position from 1980 until his death on January 9, 2008. However, no replacement has ever been named after Grant's death.
History
In 1853, one
adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican ''nopal''
cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished in the area with thriving crops of many common and exotic varieties. The area was known to these residents as the
Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the
Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. Soon thereafter, land speculation lead to subdivision of the large plots and an influx of homeowners.
In spite of the area's short history, it has been filled with events driven by optimistic progress. The name Hollywood was coined by H. J. Whitley, the "Father of Hollywood". Whitley arranged to buy the E.C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date. Before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Mr Hurd's wife, Mrs. Daeida Wilcox, and numerous others through the mill of gossip and land speculation.
Daeida learned of the name Hollywood from her neighbor in Holly Canyon (now Lake Hollywood), Ivar Weid, a prominent investor and friend of Whitley's. She recommended the same name to her husband, H. H. Wilcox. On February 1, 1887, Harvey filed a deed and map of property he sold with the Los Angeles County Recorder's office. Harvey wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that same year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth.
By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, and two markets. Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent and the trip took two hours. The old citrus fruit-packing house would be converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood.
The famous Hollywood Hotel, the first major hotel in Hollywood, was opened in 1902, by H. J. Whitley, then President of the Los Pacific Boulevard and Development Company, of which he was a major shareholder. Having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers, and was eager to sell these residential lots among the lemon ranches lining the foothills. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, which, still a dusty, unpaved road, was regularly graded and graveled. The Hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. His company was developing and selling one of the early residential areas, the Ocean View Tract. Whitley did much to promote the area. He paid many thousands of dollars for electric lighting, including bringing electricity and building a bank, as well as a road into the Cahuenga Pass. The lighting ran for several blocks down Prospect Avenue. Whitley's land was centered on Highland Avenue.
Hollywood was incorporated as a municipality on November 14, 1903. The vote was 88 for incorporation and 77 against. On January 30, 1904, the voters in Hollywood decided, by a vote of 113 to 96, for the banishment of liquor in the city, except when it was being sold for medicinal purposes. Neither hotels nor restaurants were allowed to serve wine or liquor before or after meals.
By 1910, because of an ongoing struggle to secure an adequate water supply, town officials voted for Hollywood to be annexed into the City of Los Angeles, as the water system of the growing city had opened the Los Angeles Aqueduct and was piping water down from the Owens River in the Owens Valley. Another reason for the vote was that Hollywood could have access to drainage through Los Angeles' sewer system. With annexation, the name of Prospect Avenue was changed to Hollywood Boulevard and all the street numbers in the new district changed. For example, 100 Prospect Avenue, at Vermont Avenue, became 6400 Hollywood Boulevard; and 100 Cahuenga Boulevard, at Hollywood Boulevard, changed to 1700 Cahuenga Boulevard.
Motion picture industry
Filmmaking in the greater Los Angeles area preceded the establishment of filmmaking in Hollywood. The
Biograph Company filmed the short film ''A Daring Hold-Up in Southern California'' in Los Angeles in 1906. The first studio in the Los Angeles area was established by the
Selig Polyscope Company in
Edendale, with construction beginning in August 1909.
Prolific director D. W. Griffith was the first to make a motion picture in Hollywood. His 17-minute short film ''In Old California'', which was released on March 10, 1910, was filmed entirely in the village of Hollywood for Biograph. Although Hollywood banned movie theaters—of which it had none—before annexation that year, Los Angeles had no such restriction. The first film by a Hollywood Studio, Nestor Motion Picture Company, was shot on October 26, 1911. The Whitley home was used as its set, and the unnamed movie was filmed in the middle of their groves on the corner of Whitley Ave and Hollywood Boulevard by directors Al Christie and David and William Horsley.
Various producers and filmmakers moved bases from the east coast to escape punitive licensing from the Motion Picture Patents Company.
The first studio in Hollywood was established by the New Jersey–based Centaur Co., which wanted to make westerns in California. They rented an unused roadhouse at 6121 Sunset Boulevard at the corner of Gower, and converted it into a movie studio in October 1911, calling it Nestor Studio after the name of the western branch of their company. The first feature film made specifically in a Hollywood studio, in 1914, was ''The Squaw Man'', directed by Cecil B. DeMille and Oscar Apfel, and was filmed at the Lasky-DeMille Barn among other area locations.
By 1911, Los Angeles was second only to New York in motion picture production, and by 1915, the majority of American films were being produced in the Los Angeles area.
Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO and Columbia – had studios in Hollywood, as did several minor companies and rental studios. Hollywood had begun its dramatic transformation from sleepy suburb to movie production capital. The residential and agrarian Hollywood Boulevard of 1910 was virtually unrecognizable by 1920 as the new commercial and retail sector replaced it. The sleepy town was no more, and, to the chagrin of many original residents, the boom town could not be stopped.
1920s–1940s
By 1920, Hollywood had become world-famous as the center of the
United States film industry. In 1918, HJ Whitley commissioned architect A.S. Barnes to design Whitley Heights as a Mediterranean-style village on the steep hillsides above Hollywood Boulevard, and it became the first celebrity community. The neighborhood is roughly bordered on the north and east by Cahuenga Boulevard, on the west by Highland Avenue, and on the south by
Franklin Avenue. Among
Whitley Heights' many famous residents have been
Rudolph Valentino,
Barbara Stanwyck,
W.C. Fields,
Jean Harlow,
Carole Lombard,
William Powell.
Tyrone Power,
Gloria Swanson,
Rosalind Russell,
Judy Garland, and
Marlene Dietrich.
From the 1920s to the 1940s, a large percentage of transportation to and from Hollywood was by means of the ''red cars'' of the Pacific Electric Railway.
Modern Hollywood
On January 22, 1947, the first commercial television station west of the
Mississippi River,
KTLA, began operating in Hollywood. In December of that year, ''The Public Prosecutor'' became the first network television series to be filmed in Hollywood. In the 1950s, music recording studios and offices began moving into Hollywood. Other businesses, however, continued to migrate to different parts of the Los Angeles area, primarily to
Burbank. Much of the movie industry remained in Hollywood, although the district's outward appearance changed.
In 1952, CBS built CBS Television City on the corner of Fairfax Avenue and Beverly Boulevard, on the former site of Gilmore Stadium. CBS's expansion into the Fairfax District pushed the unofficial boundary of Hollywood farther south than it had been. CBS's slogan for the shows taped there was "From Television City in Hollywood..."
During the early 1950s the famous Hollywood Freeway was constructed from Four Level Interchange interchange in downtown Los Angeles, past the Hollywood Bowl, up through Cahuenga Pass and into the San Fernando Valley. In the early days, streetcars ran up through the pass, on rails running along the central median.
The famous Capitol Records Building on Vine St. just north of Hollywood Boulevard was built in 1956. The building houses offices and recording studios, which are not open to the public, but its circular design looks like a stack of vinyl records.
The now derelict lot at the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Serrano Avenue was once the site of the illustrious Hollywood Professional School, whose alumni reads like a Hollywood Who's Who of household "names". Many of these former child stars attended a "farewell" party at the commemorative sealing of a time capsule buried on the lot.
The Hollywood Walk of Fame was created in 1958 as a tribute to artists and other significant contributors within the entertainment industry. Official groundbreaking occurred on February 8, 1960, and the first star to be permanently installed was that of director Stanley Kramer (not Joanne Woodward, as commonly related). A detailed history of the Walk can be found in the Walk of Fame main article. Honorees receive a star based on their achievements in motion pictures, live theatre, radio, television, and/or music, as well as their charitable and civic contributions.
In 1985, the Hollywood Boulevard Commercial and Entertainment District was officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places protecting important buildings and ensuring that the significance of Hollywood's past would always be a part of its future.
In June 1999, the Hollywood extension of the Los Angeles County Metro Rail Red Line subway opened, running from Downtown Los Angeles to the San Fernando Valley, with stops along Hollywood Boulevard at Western Avenue, Vine Street and Highland Avenue.
The Kodak Theatre, which opened in 2001 on Hollywood Boulevard at Highland Avenue, where the historic Hollywood Hotel once stood, has become the new home of the Oscars.
While motion picture production still occurs within the Hollywood district, most major studios are actually located elsewhere in the Los Angeles region. Paramount Pictures is the only major studio still physically located within Hollywood. Other studios in the district include the aforementioned Jim Henson (formerly Chaplin) Studios, Sunset Gower Studios, and Raleigh Studios.
While Hollywood and the adjacent neighborhood of Los Feliz served as the initial homes for all of the early television stations in the Los Angeles market, most have now relocated to other locations within the metropolitan area. KNBC began this exodus in 1962, when it moved from the former NBC Radio City Studios located at the northeast corner of Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street to NBC Studios in Burbank. KTTV pulled up stakes in 1996 from its former home at Metromedia Square on Sunset Boulevard to relocate to Bundy Drive in West Los Angeles. KABC-TV moved from its original location at ABC Television Center (now branded The Prospect Studios) just east of Hollywood to Glendale in 2000, though the Los Angeles bureau of ABC News still resides at Prospect. After being purchased by 20th Century Fox in 2001, KCOP left its former home on La Brea Avenue to join KTTV on the Fox lot. The CBS Corporation-owned duopoly of KCBS-TV and KCAL-TV moved from its longtime home at CBS Columbia Square on Sunset Boulevard to a new facility at CBS Studio Center in Studio City. KTLA and KCET, both located on Sunset Boulevard, are the last broadcasters (television or radio) with Hollywood addresses.
In addition, Hollywood once served as the home of nearly every radio station in Los Angeles, all of which have now moved into other communities. KNX was the last station to broadcast from Hollywood, when it left CBS Columbia Square for a studio in the Miracle Mile in 2005.
In 2002, a number of Hollywood citizens began a campaign for the district to secede from Los Angeles and become, as it had been a century earlier, its own incorporated municipality. Secession supporters argued that the needs of their community were being ignored by the leaders of Los Angeles. In June of that year, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors placed secession referendums for both Hollywood and the San Fernando Valley on the ballots for a "citywide election." To pass, they required the approval of a majority of voters in the proposed new municipality as well as a majority of voters in all of Los Angeles. In the November election, both referendums failed by wide margins in the citywide vote.
Hollywood is served by several neighborhood councils, including the Hollywood United Neighborhood Council (HUNC) and the Hollywood Studio District Neighborhood Council. These two groups are part of the network of neighborhood councils certified by the City of Los Angeles Department of Neighborhood Empowerment. Neighborhood Councils cast advisory votes on such issues as zoning, planning, and other community issues. The council members are voted in by stakeholders, generally defined as anyone living, working, owning property, or belonging to an organization within the boundaries of the council.
Revitalization
After many years of serious decline, when many Hollywood landmarks were threatened with demolition, Hollywood is now undergoing rapid
gentrification and revitalization with the goal of
urban density in mind. Many developments have been completed, typically centered on Hollywood Boulevard. The
Hollywood and Highland complex (site of the
Kodak Theater) has been a major catalyst for the redevelopment of the area. In addition, numerous fashionable bars,
clubs, and retail businesses have opened on or surrounding the boulevard, returning Hollywood to a center of nightlife in Los Angeles. Many older buildings have also been converted to lofts and condominiums. The W Hollywood Hotel is now open at the intersection of
Hollywood and Vine
Hollywood neighborhoods and communities
Beachwood Canyon
Cahuenga Pass
Hollywood Hills
*Hollywood Heights
*Laurel Canyon
*Mount Olympus
*Nichols Canyon
*Outpost Estates
*Sunset Hills
*Whitley Heights
East Hollywood
*Little Armenia
*Thai Town
*Virgil Village
Melrose District
Melrose Hill
Sierra Vista
Spaulding Square
Yucca Corridor.
Government
Fire services
Los Angeles Fire Department operates four fire stations –
Station 27, 41, 52, and 82 – in the area.
County representation
The
Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Hollywood-Wilshire Health Center in Hollywood.
Federal representation
The
United States Postal Service operates the Hollywood Post Office, the Hollywood Pavilion Post Office, and the Sunset Post Office.
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 210,777 people residing in the Community Plan Area of Hollywood. The population density was 8,443 people per square mile (3,261/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 59.84%
White (47.27% White Non-Hispanic), 9.44%
Asian, 0.13%
Pacific Islander, 4.28%
African American, 0.62%
Native American, 19.10% from
other races, and 6.59% from two or more races. 34.51% of the population were
Hispanic of any race. 49.63% of the population was foreign born; of this, 46.24% came from Latin America, 32.73% from Asia, 17.80% from Europe and 3.23% from other parts of the world.
Education
Students who live in Hollywood are zoned to schools in the
Los Angeles Unified School District. The area is within Board District 4. As of 2008 Marlene Canter represents the district. Canter announced that she will not seek re-election after her term expires in June 2009.
Elementary schools:
Cheremoya Elementary School
Vineyard Street Elementary School
Ramona Elementary School
Gardner Elementary School
Valley View Elementary School
Grant Elementary School
Selma Ave. Elementary School
Middle schools:
Le Conte Middle School
Bancroft Middle School
Hollywood High School and Helen Bernstein High School are public high schools in the Hollywood area.
Christ the King Elementary School is a private school in the area.
For many years, the motion picture Industry had its own private
Industry-run institution for child actors, the Hollywood Professional School.
Public libraries
The Will and Ariel Durant Branch and the Frances Howard Goldwyn – Hollywood Regional Branch of the
Los Angeles Public Library are in Hollywood.
Landmarks
Barnsdall Art Park
Capitol Records Tower
CBS Columbia Square
Charlie Chaplin Studios
Cinerama Dome
Crossroads of the World
Earl Carroll Theatre
El Capitan Theatre
Frederick's of Hollywood
Gibson Amphitheatre
Gower Gulch
Grauman's Chinese Theatre
Grauman's Egyptian Theatre
Guitar Center
Hollywood & Western Building
Hollywood and Highland Center
Hollywood and Vine
Hollywood Bowl
Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Hollywood Heritage Museum
Hollywood High School
Hollywood Palladium
Hollywood Masonic Temple
Hollywood Sign
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Hollywood Wax Museum
KCBS-TV
KCET
Knickerbocker Hotel
Kodak Theatre
KTLA
Pantages Theatre
Paramount Pictures
Ripley's Believe It Or Not! Odditorium
Rock 'n' Roll Ralphs
Roosevelt Hotel
Runyon Canyon Park
Sunset Gower Studios
Sunset Strip
The Laugh Factory
The Magic Castle
The Prospect Studios
Universal Studios Hollywood
Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre
Whitley Heights
Special events
The Academy Awards are held in late February/early March (since 2004) of each year, honoring the preceding year in film. Prior to 2004, they were held in late March/early April. Since 2002, the Oscars have been held at their new home at the Kodak Theater at Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue.
CINECON Classic Film Festival & Exposition (Annual timing is five days—connected to Labor Day weekend) Classic film memorabilia, expert presentations, author signings, and movie screenings with celebrity guests.
The annual
Hollywood Christmas Parade: The 2006 parade on Nov. 26 was the 75th edition of the Christmas Parade. The parade goes down
Hollywood Boulevard and is broadcast in the LA area on
KTLA, and around the United States on Tribune-owned stations and the
WGN superstation.
See also
Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Hollywood
2007-2008 Writers Guild of America strike
Cinema of the United States
Hollywood cerise
Hollywood Pictures
Hollywood Principle
Hollywood Subway
Hollywood Walk of Fame
History of cinema
List of Hollywood novels
List of movie-related topics
List of movies set in Los Angeles
List of television shows set in Los Angeles
West Hollywood, California
References
;Notes
External links
AboutHollywood.com – Top Hollywood Area Resource
Category:California culture
Category:Communities on U.S. Route 66
Category:Hollywood
Category:Neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California
Category:Populated places established in 1853
Category:Film production districts
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